Food And Hospitality Investigation Questions - 1231 Words

Food and Hospitality investigation Question 1: What are the health issues that come with fast food? Question 2: How is fast food being marketed to children? Question 3: Does fast food play a role in obesity? Introduction Fast food is food that is already cooked so there isn’t much of a waiting time. This is why fast food is so appealing instead of spending hours over an oven making a meal you don’t even need to get out of your car to get it. Fast food has been around for nearly a century now, but it became more popular in the 1940’s with McDonalds starting up. Other fast food shops start to open up over the next few years. With more fast food shops opening up in the 1940’s so did obesity rates and other health issues that can be linked to poor eating choices. It’s not that hard to see the links of fast food to obesity and cancer crisis. Nutritional Value There is no nutritional value that comes from fast food. Fast food only feeds hunger for a short period of time and/or feeds cravings. Fast food does not give you the good energy that will last for a long time. Instead it gives you a type of energy that is used up really fast compared to the longer lasting one. Fast food is extremely treated with a huge array of additives. To make sure fast food will be cheap for the customer, the fast food ingredients are highly treated with additives to allow it to give it a longer time which it can be eaten and to improve flavour. The starting ingredients for fast food is drasticallyShow MoreRelatedDifferent Cultures Integrating Into Australia Changed The Food And Hospitality Industry1422 Words   |  6 Pagesintegrating into Australia changed the food and hospitality industry? 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In all, Australians come from over 200 birthplaces.’ http://www.racismnoway.com.au/about-racism/population/ Australian food, before the different cultures startedRead MoreClassification And Interpretation Of Information Essay771 Words   |  4 Pages(Saunders, Lewis, Thornhill, 2009) Definition 2 Research (Internet) = The strict definition of scientific research is performing a methodical study in order to prove a hypothesis or answer a specific question (Shuttleworth, 2008) Definition 3 Research (Oxford Dictionary) = The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions (Oxford Dictionaries) Critical analysis of each definition Similarities are: All the definitions involveRead MoreEnvironmental Issues And Food Waste1107 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Food waste is one of the most wasteful forms of consumption in Australia. Research shows that we commonly waste food because too much food was cooked; goes off before the best before date, too much has been purchased, inadequate stock or poorly planned meal and menus. (Love Food Hate Waste. 2015) Around forty-seven percent of the wastes produced in metropolitan areas are typically food and green waste. Over 4.2 million tonnes of food waste is disposed to landfill in Australia each yearRead MoreHow does TripAdvisor affect the hospitality industry1312 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿How does TripAdvisor affect the hospitality industry? This report is going to research the affects TripAdvisor has on the hospitality industry. TripAdvisor is the world’s largest travel site, it enables potential customers to see other opinions before they part with their cash. TripAdvisor has over 60 million visitors per month looking through over 75 million reviews of hotels and restaurants. The site operates in 30 countries worldwide making it a powerful and unstoppable force. TripadvisorRead MoreService Quality Management Case Study Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesGraduate Diploma Food and Beverage Management AMFB700 Assessment One Tutorial Exercise 2 Service Quality Management Case Study Semester Two 2016 Lecturer: Roderick Turner Student name/ ID: Xiaochen Gong/ 99138745 Submission date: Thursday 22 September 2016Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 1. Introduction The purpose of this report is to find appropriate approaches which assist hospitality operations in managing service quality. In order to meet current markets and make a better profitRead MoreHealth Of The Food And Hospitality Industry1973 Words   |  8 Pagesresearch question that my investigation will be based on is: ‘Should health inspections occur more regularly to maintain a safe and healthy working environment’? The area of study that this question is based on is area of study 3, Political and Legal Influences as my study will be looking legislation related to the food and hospitality industry. This is a question often debated in the community. I will be basing my study within Australia, but will collect primary evidence from local food and hospitalityRead MoreInterior Design Is The Process Of Solving Problems Through Creative Development1524 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as residential, retail, corporate offices or hospitality. Designers can even choose to work in a particular niche of said specialities such as focussing on restaurants and bars. Cultures identify with the food they eat and the style in which they do so. The design of such spaces showcase the current social and economic standpoint of a culture all the while acting as â€Å"an important insight into our society† (. It is in the company of food that people become the most social form of themselvesRead MoreBanyan Tree’S Success Has Been A Great Case For Entrepreneurs1563 Words   |  7 Pagesfor entrepreneurs in the hospitality industry to study. With the genius ideas that had been put successfully into practices by Banyan Tree CEO Ho Kwon Ping, the company had made a dramatically transformation that had become a phenomenon at that time. This essay will briefly investigate deeply into business strategy applied by the Banyan Tree that had affected the core focus of the company, as well as discussing if the same strategies used in the hyper-dynamic hospitality industry today, would theyRead MoreWhat Are The Menus Choices Offered At Mcdonalds C ase Study1477 Words   |  6 Pages Stage 2: Food and Hospitality Investigation Task Introduction Healthy eating is eating from a rage of foods that give of the nutrients required to maintain your health, feel good, and have energy. These nutrients include proteins, Carbohydrates, fats, water, vitamins, and minerals. Nutrition is essential for everyone. When joint with being substantially active and conserving a healthy weight, eating healthy is a tremendous tactic to assist your body stay strong and nutritious. This InvestigationRead MoreReason for High Turnover Rate of Hospitality Industry in China3168 Words   |  13 PagesReason for High Turnover Rate of Hospitality Industry in China Abstract The hospitality industry in China is gradually developing and being matured increasingly. It is the rapid increase in the number of hotels resulted in growing demand for qualified employees. However, China’s hotels are facing serious human resources challenge including shortage of qualified staff, high-staff turnover, and the unwillingness of university graduates to enter the industry. Specially, the high turnover rate of

Crime through the Sociological Perspective All Over but...

Rick Bragg’s All Over but the Shoutin’ is an autobiography that dives right into both the depth of his destitute upbringing as well as his edgy career as a journalist. Having a neglectful father and a struggling single mother, Bragg and his family went through many hardships that can seem both unreal to some and commonplace to others. As he started to pursue his career as a journalist, he was a first hand witness to many atrocities, such as the riots in Miami in 1991. While reading through the text, it is astonishing how many references there are about different theoretical aspects of crime. There is no question that criminal activity proves to be a chronic issue in our society, but where the real question lies is not in how we can rid†¦show more content†¦They tend to focus more on the inequalities of race, class and gender. Symbolic interaction theorists believe that crime is a behavior that is learned through social interaction, meaning that people can be engaging in criminal activity but does not have a sense of whether or not it’s right or wrong in comparison to the dominant culture’s expectations because their actions has always been positively reinforced within their own sub-culture. Whatever the case, each perspective traces criminal behavior to social conditions rather than the personalities of individuals (Andersen and Taylor 162). Now that basic understandings of the theories sociologists use to study crime, we can begin to see how they attribute to some of the problems that emerge because of it. In All Over but the Shoutin’, the first incident that catches my attention within the context of crime is John Sparks, the man who frantically shot the couple in the park. He is described as being a â€Å"sexually obsessive man, addicted to alcohol, who had failed at everything he had ever tried.† Sparks serves as a springboard for discussion about the social control theory. Deriving from the functionalist point of view, the social control theory suggests that deviance occurs when a person’s (or group’s) attachment to social bonds is weakened. According to this, people’s attachment to others forms a subconscious

Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing System

Question: Discuss about the Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing System. Answer: Introduction Business Intelligence (BI) is a discipline that comprises of a number of activities that are associated with the analysis of the data related to a particular organization. There are a number of different software and packages that come under BI such as data mining tools, data warehousing tools, online analytical processing and many more. BI Dashboard is the data visualization tool that takes data from multiple sources and brings forward the latest status of the metrics and the key performance indicators on the basis of the data. The document covers the details on the BI dashboard for Woolworths supermarket which is an online retail store. Woolworths Supermarket is the online retail store that provides the users with the groceries along with the recipes as well. There are various products that are available on the online store that are categorized in numerous product categories such as fruit veg, bakery, health food, pantry international food, Easter, confectionary snacks and many more. There are functionalities such as login, search, discovers, locate stores and purchase products provided to the users (Woolworths, 2017). Audience for BI Dashboard The BI dashboard for Woolworths is required to be created that would highlight the business threats and opportunities on the basis of the data associated with the organization. The following list describes the details on the audience of the dashboard that would be developed for the organization. End User Type of BI User Responsibility Decision Making Business Owners Analysis and Monitoring The end user will be responsible of managing the overall organization and will have the responsibilities to make sure that the business continuity is maintained without the execution of any major risks and hazards The user shall make use of BI dashboard for making decisions associated with changes in the business approach and strategy Data Analysts Analysis and Monitoring The end user will be responsible for coming out with patterns and statistics from the data and information that is provided to them and to also come up with probable trends and preferences of the users The user shall make use of BI dashboard for decisions associated with data analysis, data trends and associated results Marketing Experts Monitoring and Prediction The end user will be responsible for understanding the market trends and for predicting and designing the market strategy that shall be followed by the organization The user shall make use of BI dashboard for decisions associated with market performance, market trends, market risks and the market strategy that shall be adopted Security Analysts Analysis and Reporting The end user will be responsible for understanding the security issues that may come up in front of the organization and shall report on the various countermeasures that shall be adopted to avoid the occurrences The user shall make use of BI dashboard for decisions associated with the probable security risks and their countermeasures Business Analysts Analysis, Monitoring and Prediction The end user shall be responsible for understanding and analysis of the business trends along with the monitoring of the performance in the market and in front of the customers. The prediction of the probable changes and the shift in terms of expectation will also be covered by the end user (Abdelfattah, 2013) The user shall make use of BI dashboard for decisions associated with business processes to be completed along with the required changes that shall be made in terms of the strategy and approach Benefits to the Organization Woolworths is facing a number of threats in terms of the security threats such as information security attacks and risks along with various other threats in terms of change in the technology, change in the expectations of the users, performance in the market and presence of numerous competitors. It is necessary for the organization to have an account of all these threats and risks on a real-time basis (Nimmagadda and Dreher, 2011). There are also various opportunities that are available with the organization in terms of performance and business continuity. The growth and expansion of the online retail stores is on an all time rise. Also, there are various unique services that are provided by the organization in terms of product categories, recipes and discount offers. All of these features have the potential to allow the organization to gain a competitive edge in the market. BI dashboard will provide the business owners and the business units with the real-time information on the threats and opportunities associated with the organization as highlighted above. This information will be extremely useful in making decision on the security strategy to execute, marketing strategy to adapt, business processes that require change and likewise. All of these activities will allow the organization to offer better service quality and availability to the customers and will in turn also enable the organization to fulfill the customer expectations in a better way. The sales and profits along with the reputation in the market will also enhance with such practices (Jamalpur and Sharma, 2012). There are a number of data sources that the organizations may use during the set-up and deployment of the BI dashboard for the organization. Internal Data Sources The data that would be internally available with the organization will contribute immensely towards the requirements of data for setting up the dashboard. The internal data sources will include the organization database comprising of the user information, purchase history, order history, purchase preference and likewise. This information will contribute towards the understanding of the opportunities as well as the threats associated with the organization. Employees of the organization along with the business owners will also be the significant data sources that will contribute to the data and information required for the dashboard (AlHazme, Rana and De Lucca, 2014). There are also a number of external data sources that will play an extremely significant role in collection of the data and information for the dashboard for Woolworths. Customers and the end users of the web site will be viable data sources as they will provide with the information on their expectations from the web site and the system qualities that they may look for. It will allow the better analysis of the threats and the opportunities associated with the organization. External stakeholders in the form of third parties and partners will also contribute to the required data as they will provide details on the common patterns, sales information and profit details. Market studies shall also be carried out in order to understand the details about the competitors along with the market preferences and performance. A detailed account of the security infrastructure and security risks will also be provided with the help of the BI dashboard (Gonzales, 2011). There will be a number of challenges that will be associated with the implementation of the dashboard for the organization. Data Quality: The data that would be required for the setting up and implementation of the dashboard will be collected from multiple data sources. There may be issues in the data quality as the data will be structured, unstructured and semi-structured in nature. It might be challenging to retrieve the best quality from the data and carrying out a comprehensive analysis might also appear as an issue. Dynamic Data: The data that will be collected for the implementation of the dashboard will primarily be dynamic in nature that is it will keep on changing and modifying. The data such as purchase history of a user or the market trends or security parameters will not remain consistent for a higher period of time. These data types along with several others will keep on changing after a certain period of time and it might be difficult to maintain the pace with the same (Few, 2006). Data Availability: It would be essential for the dashboard to extract the data and information at all times in order to bring forward the real-world scenario and presentation. It would therefore be essential to make sure that the data is available at all times and there is a constant availability of the data from the back end and the data sources. The availability of the data at a non-stop basis might be a challenge as there will be several factors that will be associated with it. End User Satisfaction: The dashboard will be required to incorporate certain system qualities in order to attain the end user satisfaction. These system qualities will include performance, reliability, scalability, adaptability and availability of the dashboard. The issues associated with the data quality and data availability may have a negative impact on the end user satisfaction as the performance of the dashboard may suffer negatively due to these issues. Also, if the dashboard fails to deliver the desired results then it will become difficult to attain the end user satisfaction which would be a prime goal for carrying out of the activity. Choice of Correct Visualization: Dashboard is a data visualization tool that has the options to implement different types of visual effects on the tool. The selected visualization scheme may be in accordance with the preferences of a specific user type and may not fall in line with the expectations of other users. Such occurrences will come up as a probable challenge during the implementation of the dashboard as these will lead to the dissatisfaction among certain users (Churi, 2016). Methodology Implementation of the BI dashboard shall take place according to the phases and steps as mentioned in the BI lifecycle. Project Planning: The first phase shall include the planning activities in order to understand the needs of the implementation of the dashboard along with the set of aims and objectives. The finalization of the scope along with the selection of project team will also be done in this phase. Analysis Phase: This is the phase in which the BI requirements associated with the dashboard shall be studied and analyzed to gain an understanding of the same. Data models along with the user stories shall also be created in this phase. Data collection from multiple sources shall be done in this phase (Kaur, 2013). Designing Phase: This is the phase in which the designing of the BI architecture shall be done along with the preparation of design diagrams. Data Integration Phase: The data for the implementation of the BI dashboard will come from various data sources such as cloud, big data, internal and external sources. All of the data shall be integrated as a single unit to come up with threats and opportunities. Data integration and BI data discovery tools shall be used in order to integrate the data. Testing and Implementation Phase: This is the fifth phase that shall be followed in the implementation of the BI dashboard that will include the use of various BI tools for the purpose. Go-Live Phase: This is the last phase that will be present in the BI lifecycle and it will include the release of the BI dashboard for the end users. Conclusion BI dashboard is a data visualization tool that is used for a variety of purposes. In case of Woolworths, the BI dashboard is required to be set up in order to highlight the threats and opportunities that are associated with the organization. There are various details and components that will be involved in the implementation process of the BI dashboard for the organization. The intended audience for the dashboard will include the business owner, data analysts, business analysts, security experts and marketing experts. There shall be use of internal and external data sources during the implementation process in order to have the required data collected. There might be certain challenges that may come up in the form of issues associated with data quality, data availability, end user satisfaction and likewise which shall be overcome with the use of a proper methodology. References Abdelfattah, M. (2013). A Comparison of Several Performance Dashboards Architectures. [online] Available at: https://file.scirp.org/Html/1-8701162_29589.htm [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. AlHazme, R., Rana, A. and De Lucca, M. (2014). Development and Implementation of a Clinical and Business Intelligence System for the Florida Health Data Warehouse. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4221087/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Churi, P. (2016). Model-view-controller pattern in BI dashboards: Designing best practices - IEEE Xplore Document. [online] Ieeexplore.ieee.org. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7724633/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Few, S. (2006). Common Pitfalls in Dashboard Design. [online] Available at: https://www.perceptualedge.com/articles/Whitepapers/Common_Pitfalls.pdf [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Gonzales, M. (2011). Diffusion of Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing: An Exploratory Investigation of Research and Practice - IEEE Xplore Document. [online] Ieeexplore.ieee.org. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5718885/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Jamalpur, B. and Sharma, S. (2012). Data Mining and Business Intelligence Dashboards. [online] Available at: https://www.igi-global.com/article/data-mining-business-intelligence-dashboards/74349 [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Kaur, K. (2013). Development of Intelligent Dashboards for Global Metrics Evaluation. [online] Available at: https://ijcttjournal.org/Volume4/issue-6/IJCTT-V4I6P142.pdf [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Nimmagadda, S. and Dreher, H. (2011). Data warehousing and mining technologies for adaptability in turbulent resources business environments. International Journal of Business Intelligence and Data Mining, 6(2), p.113. Woolworths, (2017). Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online. [online] Woolworths Online. Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]

Research Paper on Gel Electrophoresis Essay Example

Research Paper on Gel Electrophoresis Essay Gel Electrophoresis is a technique in molecular biology and biochemistry, which is used for the separation of proteins and nucleic acids, based on the motion of charged biological macromolecules in a constant electric field. Polyacrylamide gel separation is due to differences in molecular charge and separated differences of molecular weights and the configuration of molecules. There are so-called non-denaturating or native PAGE electrophoresis (where the shared biological macromolecules are in the native state during electrophoresis) and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (where the samples were denatured beforehand in the case of nucleic acids using short heating the sample with glyoxal or formamide, to denature the proteins normally boiling the samples used in buffer containing a strong ionic detergent (usually sodium dodecyl sulphate) and the agent that disrupts the quaternary structure of the protein by breaking disulfide bridges between protein globules inside polypep tide chain – beta-mercaptoethanol). During the process of denaturing by PAGE electrophoresis, molecules are stored in the denatured state by the presence of chaotropic agents in the gel (typically urea) in the case of the PAGE electrophoresis of nucleic acids and proteins through the presence of the ion (e.g. sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) and non-ionic (e.g., tween-20) detergents. In the case of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins method the modification of Laemmli is generally used. Also polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is used to separate the short nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA electrophoresis, in cases such as Sanger sequencing. Additionally, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis is used in methods for visualizing the restriction fragment length polymorphismand polymerase chain reaction method. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Gel Electrophoresis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Gel Electrophoresis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Gel Electrophoresis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There is also so-called disc-electrophoresis (from discontinuous), where there is pH gradient in the gel during the electrophoretic separation of proteins at the interface between the concentrating and separating gels, thereby achieving better separation of protein molecules. When you are about to write your first research proposal, it is very important to carefully study all the various aspects of the investigating phenomena. You will have to thoroughly investigate the origin, history, and contribution of the subject in modern science. In addition, your own ideas on the methods and techniques of the process improving and development would be appreciated. To prepare a successful research paper on gel electrophoresis, you will need to find the best way to present the result of your investigation on paper. If you have no or small experience, it might be very helpful to look through some free sample research papers on different topics. These free example topics will teach you how to properly prepare and structure your data, how to outline your thesis statement and emphasize the most important passages of your text. In addition to this, you will learn how to clearly and persuasively conclude your research paper. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research paper on Gel Electrophoresis topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all research paper details: Enjoy our professional research paper writing service!

Jordan essays

Jordan essays The NBA is one of the oldest leagues in the history of sports, and the Chicago Bulls one of the oldest and most famous teams in the history of basketball. The one person who has taken the Chicago Bulls to such heights is none other than Michael Jordan. Despite his self imposed temporary retirement in 1993, which lasted more than a year, Michael Jordan has once again established his reputation as one of the best players in the long history of the National Basketball Association. Now that he is back, Jordan leads the league in scoring with 31.2 points per game (through Tuesday, March 19, 1996). Michael has also lead the Chicago Bulls to defend the United Center, Home of the Chicago Bulls, with no losses so far; the home record being 33-0. Furthermore, Jordan was once again the Most Valuable Player of the All-Star Game held this year in San Antonio. What is the difference between "Air" Jordan (as he is popularly known) two years ago, when he retired, and in 1996, one year after his return to the game he loves the most? Anyone can easily say "none". Can Air Jordan still fly? Of course he can! Just because he did not participate in the Slam-Dunk Contest in San Antonio, it doesn t mean he cannot fly anymore. He is capable of doing the same dunks he use to; only his legs are a little older. By far, Jordan still leads the NBA in scoring as he used to thirty months ago. Right now he leads the league with 31.2 points per game; thirty months ago, he led the league with 32.3 points per game -preretirement lifetime average for 667 games. The new average is after only playing 65 games. "From a statistical standpoint, Michael Jordan is virtually the same player he was before his retirement", commented Terry Armour of the Chicago Tribune (Armour 5). Just ten days after his comeback, Jordan scored a season-high 55 points as the Bulls beat the New York Knicks 113-111. In the long and illustrious history of Madison Square Garden Michael ...

Free Essays on H.G.Wells

Herbert George Wells was born on September 21, 1866 in Bromley, England. He was the fourth and last child of Sarah Neal Wells and Joseph Wells. Born before Herbert George were Frances, Frank, and Fred. Unfortunately, Frances died at the age of nine, before Herbert George was even born. The Wells were not very rich, and Wells used to often joke that while he may not have been born in a manger, his rise to fame was almost miraculous. His mother was a maid in the houses of the upper class of Sussex and his father was a shopkeeper in Bromley. H.G.'s career may have started entirely by accident. When he was eight years old, he broke his leg and spent a lot of time reading and discovered an intense interest in it. Also, he was enrolled in the Thomas Morley's Academy at the age of eight. At the age of eleven, his father fell from a ladder and fractured his thigh. Joseph Wells never fully recovered and money was even tighter after this. So at the age of thirteen, H.G. was withdrawn from the Thomas Morley's Academy and apprenticed to a draper, for which he worked long hours. He hated it and was delighted when he was dismissed from the draper's because of all the mistakes he had been making. After this H.G. went to work for his uncle, as a part-time tutor and a part-time student. However, this job was soon ended when authorities closed down his uncle's school. After this he went through another series of apprenticeships and finally won a scholarship to the Normal School of Science in London. He also worked as a journalis! t during this time. In 1891, Wells and Isabel, a daughter of one the Wells family's in-laws- making her his cousin, were married. By this time he was working as a tutor again. However, the marriage didn't last long, partly because of Well's adultery, and in 1894, he left Isabel for Amy Catherine Robbins (nicknamed Jane), a pupil in one of Well's classes. Jane and Wells were married not long after Wells and Isabel's divorce. ... Free Essays on H.G.Wells Free Essays on H.G.Wells Herbert George Wells was born on September 21, 1866 in Bromley, England. He was the fourth and last child of Sarah Neal Wells and Joseph Wells. Born before Herbert George were Frances, Frank, and Fred. Unfortunately, Frances died at the age of nine, before Herbert George was even born. The Wells were not very rich, and Wells used to often joke that while he may not have been born in a manger, his rise to fame was almost miraculous. His mother was a maid in the houses of the upper class of Sussex and his father was a shopkeeper in Bromley. H.G.'s career may have started entirely by accident. When he was eight years old, he broke his leg and spent a lot of time reading and discovered an intense interest in it. Also, he was enrolled in the Thomas Morley's Academy at the age of eight. At the age of eleven, his father fell from a ladder and fractured his thigh. Joseph Wells never fully recovered and money was even tighter after this. So at the age of thirteen, H.G. was withdrawn from the Thomas Morley's Academy and apprenticed to a draper, for which he worked long hours. He hated it and was delighted when he was dismissed from the draper's because of all the mistakes he had been making. After this H.G. went to work for his uncle, as a part-time tutor and a part-time student. However, this job was soon ended when authorities closed down his uncle's school. After this he went through another series of apprenticeships and finally won a scholarship to the Normal School of Science in London. He also worked as a journalis! t during this time. In 1891, Wells and Isabel, a daughter of one the Wells family's in-laws- making her his cousin, were married. By this time he was working as a tutor again. However, the marriage didn't last long, partly because of Well's adultery, and in 1894, he left Isabel for Amy Catherine Robbins (nicknamed Jane), a pupil in one of Well's classes. Jane and Wells were married not long after Wells and Isabel's divorce. ...

Dell Corpation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dell Corpation - Case Study Example (Gitman, 2007, 21) Dell alo introduce the latet relevant technology much more quickly than companie with low-moving, indirect ditribution channel, turning over inventory every three day on average. In 1985 the company tarted aembling it own PC brand. Ever ince, Dell had achieved phenomenal growth and by 2000 had topped $25 billion in ale and over $2 billion in net income. In late 2000, however, (erwer, 2005, 63) the PC indutry' average 30-year growth rate crahed to a negative 10% due to low economy. Dell Corp. had to make difficult deciion on how to utain it profitability in light of it broad product portfolio--PC, worktation, and erver on torage product for a broad cro-ection of cutomer in the United tate and worldwide. Dell' high return to hareholder ha been the reult of a focued effort over time to balance growth with profitability and liquidity. Dell ha conitently led it larget competitor in each of thoe categorie. The future for Dell and the ret of the computer indutry i haping up to be a fairly difficult one mainly due to the weak economy. But, Dell' economic problem are normal and hared by all companie in any indutry. What' not normal with Dell however, i it dilemma of how to maintain it leading poition over it competition and achieving ambitiou growth rate in an environment with which the economy i haped up to be wort than anticipated, due to it flat buine tructure, which make conumer kittih and pending down. Therefore, (Gitman, 2007, 21) in light of the above ituation, we believe that Dell could be facing a predicament of whether they hould maintain their trategic coure or fundamentally change it in order to achieve the targeted growth rate Dell' fortune do look better than it rival, though. Dell Computer' trategy wa built around a number of core element: build-to-order manufacturing, ma cutomization, partnerhip with fewer upplier, jut-in-time component inventorie, direct ale, market egmentation, cutomer ervice, market ening, early integration of the Internet, low operating cot, and extenive data and information haring with both upply partner and cutomer. Through thi trategy, the company hoped to achieve what Michael Dell called "virtual integration"--a titching together of Dell' buine with it upply partner and cutomer in real time uch that all three appeared to be part of the ame organizational team. (erwer, 2005, 63) upply Chain Efficiency: e-Buine i jut like any buine in at leat one repect: you have to maintain your edge. Whether reponding to a flood of new cutomer and product, or reducing cot while maintaining cutomer loyalty during period of economic decline, Dell believed that a more efficient upply chain would contribute ignificantly to it long-term ucce. By extending it build-to-order model all the way from material and component upplier to the cutomer, Dell could maximize both operational efficiency and cutomer atifaction while reponding immediately to change in the marketplace. The company' goal wa to integrate the upply and demand ide of the buine with the help of thi falt buine tructure in order to eliminate the guework that lead to inventory hortage and overage. Concluion Dell hould have a tranformational model intead of it traditional model which would penetrate aggreively the High-end erver market, Joint venture with

Sleep Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sleep - Essay Example There are some health effects of sleep which are very imperative to consider and comprehend. These include the fact that sleep is very directly linked with the overall health and quality of life of individuals under discussion. It is a well-known fact that restoration, growth and development come about when a person is sleeping in a deep manner. This goes to suggest how important deep sleep is to human beings. The resistance to viral infections is increased and the natural immunity within the human body becomes better. Since lack of sleep may mean breakdown in the human body’s health processes, researchers and medical practitioners are against this dictum adopted by a few people. When it comes to classification of sleep, there are two tangents which come under it. One is the sleep deprivation and the other – sleep debt. Sleep deprivation looks at the utter lack of time required for sufficient sleep. This is ideally a condition that would affect in impairing physical, em otional as well as cognitive working of the human body. On the other hand, sleep debt is essentially the variation in the time between the attained sleep and the sleep which is required to maintain alert wakefulness, most of which comes about during the day. Lack of proper sleep measures can lead to a number of disorders in the human body. These are linked up with some serious mental as well as physical health considerations. Some of these include the mental health disparities, obesity and overweight patterns in the human body, cardiovascular issues, immunological disorders, respiratory problems, endocrine concerns, metabolic diseases and a number of other ailments which keep on happening within the human body. The need is to comprehend how important sleep is and give it the priority that it richly deserves. It will solve quite a few issues during the daytime as well as keep the person alert. Some of the common sleep disorders include dyssomnias and parasomnias. Dyssomnia usually in cludes within its fore the insomnia, sleep paralysis, hypersomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome and the Circadian Rhythm sleep disorder. Parasomnia takes into account the REM behavior disorder, the night eating syndrome, the nocturnal eating disorder, sleepwalking issue, sleep terror disorder, sexomnia and the nightmare disorder. There are gender differences also existent within sleep that need to be given significance. These differences come about when a child is merely 6 months old. It has been researched that women usually have more relaxed sleep when compared to men. Also it has been noticed that women take less sleep than men while the latter have more rapid eye movements during sleep. In the same footing, men usually experience a decline in slow wave sleep which happens earlier but takes place quicker than women. Hence men tend to sleep well as compared to women for a number of scientific reasons. In order to attain a good night’s sleep, it is importa nt to have a proper sleep schedule in place. It is usually a common phrase ‘early to bed, early to rise – makes you healthy, wealthy and wise’. One can learn quite a few things from this phrase as it sums up nearly all the concerns which sleep can address, not only in the present times but also in the future. A sleep friendly environment is the key to having a good night’s sleep because it usually tells the person that he is safe, sound

Political Campaign Videos Essay Example for Free

Political Campaign Videos Essay Shifts in the campaign films â€Å"The Sky is the Limit† by George Bush and â€Å"A New Beginning† by Ronald Reagan must have been very evident to expert media critics, but were not at all noticeable for average reasonable television viewers, making the films more effective materials in campaign. Let us first take a look at the campaign film of George Bush. The first of the film â€Å"A New Beginning† engaged the viewers to listen and take a look at Bush’ personal life. It contained clips of Bush’ father, mother and wife talking about him and that is where â€Å"personal† or â€Å"emotional appeal† comes in, because it was the family of Bush speaking. Bush’ parents talked about how loving and wonderful he is as a son. Even his love life was discussed by his wife, telling the audience that Bush is a type of person who keeps his words which he proved when he married Laura right away as promised. At this early part of the film, the film seemed to be just a simple documentary of George Bush’ personal life, until a clip of George Bush saying â€Å"I am the person who likes to smile† came in. He was saying that he likes to laugh, with his face extremely closed up while driving, followed by a very short clip showing himself laughing at a political assembly. This, then, is the start of political campaign and is also the first shift in the movie. The shift was made very subtly, though, because there was a mix of personal appeal and political campaign. The next clip was Carlos Ramirez talking about Bush being a person full of family values. While the topic was still very personal, the interviewee was a political person, Carlos Ramirez being the mayor of El Paso. With this, the combination of politics and personal appeal was created, signaling the second shift that was about to happen. This is indeed a clue that the next shift will be from personal-political to something that’s purely political. The third shift is marked by an interview with Ernie Ladd, a co-founder of a mentoring program for leadership called â€Å"PULL. † Ernie Ladd was talking about Bush’ performance as a leader. When the topic is about leadership, it clearly shows that the current focus of the clip was into politics. To soften the blow, Bush was shown on TV again, being back to a regular guy for another shot at personal appeal. Then again, it was still political because here, he was talking about change. At first, he was sympathizing over children who were coming from very difficult situations and comparing it to his wonderful life. He said he wanted to change this and make lives better for all children, while uttering the purely political line â€Å"This is the reason why I want to run as a governor of Texas. † The campaign, at this stage, is at its full swing. Another shift was created, but this time, there was an effort in emphasizing the goals of Bush in the elections. Phyllis Hunter, a representative from READ of the state of Texas, talked about changed which Bush caused in the state. She further explained the positive changes which took place in Texas which may not have been impossible without Bush. â€Å"She gave testimonials on how helpful Bush is as a person which can be seen through her exact words, I have seen a big difference since he has been governor of the state of Texas in the amount of supports that we have to help us as educators reach the standards. He said if you need it, we’ll get it for you. We have websites, we have grant programs, we have teacher training in the state of Texas, and we have George leading the way (Parmelee, 2003, p. 52). † From this point, the film became highly political because what were shown were purely campaign materials. There was Bush talking to kids while reading their letters to him, in which a letter even contained a wish for Bush to win. Here, Bush tells the kids that he hopes he wins, too. This campaign material was given drama and personal appeal when the kids were involved. Lastly, Bush was uttering the words â€Å"I’m confident I can do the job that people want me to do. I’m a proud member of my party, but Im more than that; I’m an American. I love my country. I love what America stands for. I’m going to remind people that were lucky to be Americans (Parmelee, 2003, p. 52). † Ending the film is a song entitled â€Å"We the People† matched with a loud applause. Ronald Raegans film â€Å"A New Beginning†, on the other hand, starts with a footage of his inauguration. While uttering his constitutional oath, a montage of Americans leading a normal life was overlapping with his voice. His oath, then, functioned as a voice over to regular citizens who tended animals, tilled the lands, worked in offices, and the likes. It was indeed a technique that made the film strong because the film was able to make portray that the heroes of the United States are the Americans, and not Ronald Raegan himself. From this scene, a shift was made to Raegan talking about how he finds his job in the political arena, saying that â€Å"hearing honest views while having meetings† coming from the executive branch of the government makes him inspired as a political leader. After mentioning people from the executive branch, the film shifts to ordinary people again, giving testimonials on how they have learned values like patriotism, respect and pride because of Reagan. It was in the fourth shift when a sudden change can be noticed, because the music suddenly became dramatic, having the lyrics â€Å"Freedom, they cant take that away, I am proud to be an American† as a contributing factor to the emotional appeal. This part extended to a few minutes (as long as the whole song) and converted the film temporarily into a music video until it was cut to a few clips showing Reagan’s trips to demilitarized zones in Asia. In this shift, the film showcased the military power of a country where Reagan shows how delighted he is to hear pride among soldiers. He then meets the soldiers from South Korea and greets then one by one with the words â€Å"I am proud to know you. † This way, he is sending the message that we should emulate his behaviour of acknowledging these soldiers or â€Å"heroes† everytime we see them. Testimonials from ordinary Americans are inserted again, in which everyone says that they get to spend more money and they can feel the progress of the economy since Raegan led the nation. The topic of inflation was also discussed, with statistics mentioned to prove that he is most concerned with inflation and security of elders. The music in this scene is lively and victorious, followed, again, by testimonials from other people. The most dramatic shift comes with the topic of the assassination attempt on him. This part was purely emotional and personal, sharing to the audience the moment he talked to the doctor and the doctor told him â€Å"God must be on your shoulder. † However, an abrupt change occurred when a sudden lively music entered the scene, showing again his trips to Asian countries. This time, he says that people go to the West, which shows that the West, then, provides future for the people. He says that Americans have a lot to offer, which brought a change on the clip by inserting a clip about the World War II veterans who risked and sacrificed their lives at Point d’Hoc. He tells us that men these days can be found in offices, stores, farms and shops as a result of a free society all because the military force helped the nation achieve it. After this, the film becomes political when Reagan started talking about reform, simplifying taxes and creating enterprise zones and business incentives. From this, he also talks about peace which he achieved because he is helping people. The film ended with the song God Bless The USA (Morreale, 1991, p. 84). The values common to these two films are pride, patriotism, generosity, leadership, spirituality and respect. What makes these films different are how these two define themselves. Bush defines himself as a person full of family values, someone who wants to make everybody happy, respectful of his parents, wanting to create change, full of optimism and reaching big dreams, in which his being a family-person and wanting to create change is emphasized. Reagan defines himself as a person who respects heroes, full of patriotism, prioritizes economy of the nation, advocates freedom, spiritual and a peace-lover. In this, his respect for heroes or military and his patriotism are emphasized. Musical scores that are lively and victorious support the progress, dreams and freedom the candidates are portraying in the film. The sentimental songs support the personal and emotional appeal of the film, which helped in making the audience feel what the candidates wanted them to feel. Visual images also had a role – American flags, innocent kids, boy scouts, soldiers, baseball, laughter, sunrises – all these promoting a positive vibe for their personality, making the candidates look as more positive individuals in front of the camera.

Joan Of Arc Essay -- Biography Biographies Joan of Arc Essays

A French saint and a heroine in the Hundred Years' war was Joan of Arc. This farm girl helped save the French from English command and was often called the Maid Orleans and the Maid of France. Her inspiration led the French to many victories. Joan Of Arc (In French Jeanne d'Arc) was born around 1412, in the village of Domremy, France. She was a peasant girl who, like many girls of that time, could not read or write. Her father, Jacques, was a wealthy tenant farmer and her mother, Isabelle Romee, taught her how to sow, spin, and cook which she was proud of. She also spent much of her time praying to and serving God. She lived like most children did at that time, until when she was about thirteen. According to Wagenknecht: "The Vision first came when she was first thirteen...." 1 The vision was Saint Michael who said she should be a good girl and go to church. When more and more Visions had come it started coming clearer to her and when she saw Saint Catherine and Saint Margaret her duty was clear, she was the chosen one to crown Charles the VII. 2 Since France had been fighting with England in what was called the Hundred Years' War, much of Northern France was captured by the English, including Reims where the coronation for kings had been held for over centuries before him. Since Reims was captured, Charles the VII, who had not yet been crowned; was still called the Dauphin. When Joan had these visions of Saint Catherine and Saint Margaret, she told her family and friends. When she told her father, he would not let her go. After when these Visions told her that England and Burgundy, England's ally, were going to capture Orleans, one of France's last strong forces, she knew she had to react. She needed to go to the governor of Vaucouleurs, an agent of the Dauphin, and convince him to give her an army to escort her to the Dauphin. She first needed an escort to come with her to see the governor so she asked her cousin, Durand Laxart. He, at first, was skeptical about it, but then he soon came to Joan's side. When she told the governor, Robert de Baudricourt, he said she was a fool and she should go home. But after some time of waiting, Baudri-court let her go, under his protection, to the Dauphin with male clothing, a sword, 3 a safe conduct pass, and a small escort. They departed February 23. They safel... ...tried as a witch under an ecclesiastical court. She was handed over to Pierre Cauchon, bishop of Beauvais, on January 3rd, 1431. The sittings had begun on February 21 and continued over a period of months. She was held in chains, harassed by countless questions, and threatened with torture over this period of months; Saint Catherine and Saint Margaret still gave her advice through all this. On May 24, 1431, Joan was taken to the cemetery where she she was to been burned at the stake unless she recanted, which she did. This is not really to clear to historians why she did that, but many believe that she did not understand what the recant meant. Wagenknecht stated that "Her own view, after she was herself again, or perhaps one should say her report and interpretation of the view of her Voices in that matter, was that she had imperiled her soul to save her life: 'It was the fear of the fire which made me say what I did." 7 After her recanting she was sentenced from death to life of imprisonment. Of her being treated so softly, the English were furious. Joan had thought she was going 10 to be sent free but instead Cauchon sentenced her to perpetual imprisonment.

Types of Facebook Users

Wael Alhathal Dustin Hopkins English A100 13 December 2012 What type of Facebook-er are you? Living in the 21st century, Facebook has pretty much taking over our world. We have reached a point where we believe that if you do not have a Facebook, then you do not have a life. About hundreds of people join Facebook every day, making it one of the most visited websites in the world, with about 585 million active members. 585 million!You might think that this is too much, but in fact, there are actually four main categories of Facebook users in the world—â€Å"annoying-Facebook-girl,† the â€Å"Simon-Cowell,† the â€Å"attention-seeking-whore,† and the â€Å"I’m-too-cool-for-Facebook. † Each and every user in these categories specializes in a particular way of participating on Facebook: a way of updating their statuses, how they comment, how many pictures they upload every day, and how often they spend their time on Facebook. If you have an  "annoying-Facebook-girl† on your friends list, deactivate your account right now!The main feature of the â€Å"annoying-Facebook-girl,† other than being just plain obnoxious, is the gift to update her status every few hours with crap no one really cares about. Her name will blow up on your news feed in a matter of seconds. The most common words used in their statuses are â€Å"OMG! † or â€Å"OH EM GEE! † They tend to upload not just a single photo, but albums of crappy pictures in a day. A typical â€Å"annoying-facebook-girl† would upload an album with 200 or more pictures titled â€Å"Mcdonaldz wd my Bff’z

High School and Local Elementary School Essay

It feels like just yesterday I was in high school, without cares just making my portfolio. Now, it’s been a couple years since college and I’m trying to adjust to married life. It’s been about a year or so since I got hitched. I’m getting ready to have my first child, Winter. I hope to have another in a few years. I currently teach fifth grade in a local elementary school. It’s an okay job, the pay is alright it will get me through my bills, after a few more years I should be getting a raise. I talk to my parents a lot now, they are very important to me. My husband and I are trying to decide how to raise our child. I believe the most important value my parents taught me was to always be polite to people because you never know who is watching. I hope my child grows up learning that. I am very in love with my husband, we met at school and we had an instant connection. Both my grandmother and grandfather have died, it was very tough but time heals all wounds. My husband and I live in a little house but we are looking to relocate to somewhere a little bigger, for the children. We go to the Catholic church every sunday and are very involved in church life. My hope for the future is that I raise my kids to be fabulous people and never give up. The three most important things that have happened since high school would be, graduating college, getting married, and now having my child. What I miss most about the â€Å"good old days† is just being able to horse around without having to care about bills and work. When I die, I hope everyone remembers me as a nice person who tried her best to do well.

Eliot in Modernism

Eliot in Modernism Free Online Research Papers In â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† Prufrock questions, â€Å"Do I dare disturb the universe?† which epitomizes the disillusionment of Prufrock. Though modernism reflects new ideas of human possibilities, Prufrock displays a pessimistic attitude toward his life. The poem contains numerous thematic features of Modernism such as its form and use of literary elements. The idea of the antihero itself is a characteristic of Modernism which Prufrock embodies. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Eliot attended Harvard, where he studied philosophy. He later moved to England where he held several jobs pertaining to literature including: schoolmaster, literary editor for the publishing house Faber Faber, and also founded and edited the literary journal Criterion. Eliot’s poetry proved to be Modernist by not conforming to the public’s belief or with language itself because he believed poetry should represent the complexities of modern civilization. (T.s. Eliot Biography) A major characteristic of modernism in poetry is the focus on form rather than meaning. In this particular work, the use of interior monologue of Prufrock is evident throughout the poem; where he speaks silently to himself. The interior monologue entails use of the stream of consciousness, where Eliot eavesdrops on Prufrock’s conscious, stressing the importance of the unconscious mind. Because of both these forms of narration, some fragmentation occurs throughout the poem where either Eliot is describing what is happening through Prufrock’s eyes or else Prufrock’s narration (T.S. Elliot 1092-1095). In continuation to the poem’s form, another formal feature of Modernism is the use of free verse. In â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†, Eliot uses free verse in order to characterize the modernist movement in poetry. There is no specific meter, rhythm, or rhyme and contains irregular line lengths (Morner and Rausch 11, 89,138) The Modernist movement is characterized by literary elements such as: tone, similes, personification, imagery, paradoxes, metaphors, and allusions. Prufrock uses a simile and personification to illustrate the melancholic setting and tone of the poem. The simile, â€Å"When the evening is spread out against the sky like a patient etherized upon a table;† describes Prufrock’s inability to control anything that occurs in his surrounding such as the etherized patient-almost helpless. The personification, â€Å"The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the windowpanes, the yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the windowpanes† contributes to the tone of the poem by describing a dark, depressing environment. Some imagery such as, â€Å"I should have been a pair of ragged claws scuttling across the floors of silent seas† produces the image of a solitary crab and thinking that the crab itself would have a better life than Prufrock. There are paradoxes in the p oem that conform to the characteristics of Modernism. A paradox occurs in the repetition of the line, â€Å"And indeed there will be time† yet throughout the poem he also remarks on how he is aging therefore losing time, â€Å"I grow old†¦ I grow old†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Another paradox occurs in the last line of the poem which Prufrock displays the pessimistic attitude that he rather be asleep/numb rather than awake where he feels pain, â€Å"Till human voices wake us, and we drown.† An interesting line which Prufrock compares his life to minimal meaning and achievement is the metaphor, â€Å"I have measured out my life with coffee spoons† (T.S. Elliot 1092-1095) Prufrock not only displays characteristics of Modernism through literary elements but also epitomizes the modernist antihero. He conforms to the characteristics describing the antihero: inept, antisocial, pathetic, and in a conflict with a world which he cannot control and whose values he rejects (Morner and Rausch 11, 89,138). Prufrock uses several elements throughout the poem illustrating his erudite yet self-loathing mannerisms. The first evident sign of the antihero is the repetition of the idea that he â€Å"still has time† – an excuse he uses for him not to venture out of his social norms. There is also another repetition of the line, â€Å"And would it have been worth it, after all† referring to the amount of communication needed in order to be with a woman, showing his lack of aptitude for social interaction (T.S. Elliot 1092-1095). He degrades himself with statements of his physical appearance and mental status so he may gain the sympathy of the audience, â€Å"With a bald spot in the middle of my hair†, â€Å"(They will say: ‘But how his arms and legs are thin!’)†, â€Å"but a bit obtuse†¦Almost at time the Fool.† As if he describes his place in society and accepts it. (T.S. Elliot 1092-1095) To reiterate, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† proves to conform to the characteristics of the Modernist movement of literature while epitomizing the Modernist antihero. The meaning of the work and its place as a Modernist poem is characterized by literary elements such as tone, similes, personification, imagery, paradoxes, metaphors, allusions. It is not only literary elements that make a work Modernist but also the structure. The structure for Modernist poems need not be didactic but written in a rather more open form, with free verse and no particular rhyme nor rhythm. Though it may seem as if Prufrock believes he has yet to accomplish anything in his life, â€Å"And indeed there will be time.† Morner, Kathleen, and Ralph Rausch. NTCs Dictionary of LITERAR TERMS. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 11, 89,138. Print. Roberts, Edgar. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. Literature: An Introduction To Reading And Writing. Ed. Leah Jewell. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc., 2004. Print. T.S. Eliot Biography. Nobelprize.org. 12 Sep. 2010 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1948/eliot-bio.html Research Papers on Eliot in ModernismMind TravelThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThree Concepts of PsychodynamicHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtLifes What IfsAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeWhere Wild and West Meet

Get a raise without asking for one

Get a raise without asking for one You’ve put in the time and work and want to see the results in your paycheck. But while just simply steeling yourself and asking might be your most direct bet, it’s tough. Many of us probably would rather suffer along with our current measly salaries than actually get up the courage to face our managers in person. If this sounds like you, never fear: there are ways of asking for a raise without directly asking for a raise. If you’re backwards about coming forwards, here’s what to try.Be everybody’s go-to guy or gal.If there’s a crisis or a conundrum, be the team member everybody else turns to: the port in a storm, the level head, or the problem solver. Bonus points if you’re also the one everybody likes and trusts the most.Do more/better.If you can bring on extra clients or customers or drastically cut cost by switching to a new supplier? Aces. Show your value by helping the company grow or by making a direct influence on its bottom li ne- especially if your company is suffering. If you don’t help bring in more business, how can they even afford to up your pay?Do everything you were hired to do- extremely well- plus take on as many additional value-adding projects as you can. If you rock everything you take on, everyone around you will notice.Make your boss look good.Your boss is human and therefore susceptible to this kind of vanity. Remember: she probably wants a pay bump as much as you do. Do whatever you can to make her look good and she’ll probably be more inclined to help you out by seeing that you receive extra monetary appreciation. After all, she’ll want to keep you around so the good work and accolades continue.Do the grunt work.You know those hot potato projects nobody wants to touch? That work no one wants to do? Volunteer and do it with style and vigor. Not only your boss will appreciate this- your whole team will be grateful and have you to thank. And the more popular you are com e review time, the better your odds of getting upgraded in the salary department.Get someone on the inside.If possible, seek out an advocate within your company- someone high up enough who really knows your capabilities and has influence over decisions. It could be your boss or another mentor within the company. Find someone you know likes you and your work to sing your praises when the time comes- a trusted company voice lobbying for you is gold come review time.Make yourself irreplaceable.The more you render yourself indispensable, the more valuable you become. If your boss and company realize they could not perform without you, they’ll do what it takes to keep you around.Go beyond your job description.Don’t just get good at what you do and train up on the skills and experience you need for your specific job. Inform yourself on current industry trends and the evolution of your field and company. Follow the latest developments and challenges and start thinking about p ossible changes you can make within your company. Ask the questions the higher-ups don’t have time to delve into and find viable solutions. There’s no way people won’t notice you if you make a long-lasting change that gets tangible results.

Production and Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Production and Operations Management - Essay Example 2. Analyze the relationship between the retail price of gasoline and the world demand for crude oil. To understand the relationship between the price of gasoline and the demand for crude oil , we’ll first need to understand the dynamics of both gasoline and crude oil individually. Like many commodities being traded in the global market like gold, silver, rice, wheat etc. crude oil is also traded. The main reason for it being traded in the global market is that it’s one of those commodities which is unevenly distributed on the surface of earth. It can found in much abundance in one place which cease to exist at some other country. This instability in the geographic distribution of crude oil makes it quite an important resource to be present in any country. The countries with its abundant deposits are on the top of the food chain economically and the countries with lesser deposits of it are quite weak economically. Hence proving the significance of crude oil for economies . Now crude oil is not only used for production of Gasoline but many other petroleum products are extracted from it. From this we can extract that crude oil has more demand as a commodity and is not only required for the production of gasoline. Gasoline is a refined form of crude oil. Crude oil is extracted or purchased in raw form and goes through various refining processes to produce gasoline. Gasoline has become as the basic commodity which has been in use for decades now as the primary fuel for powering transportation. The transportation requirements have been increasing each year as the population of the world increases by a significant percentage each year. Hence increasing the amount of fuel being consumed each year and the demand for gasoline. Now gasoline and crude oil have developed a relationship in which the demand for both are increasing but Gasoline is dependent on crude oil for its production hence making it the dependent product. The global demand for both gasoline a nd crude oil is on the rise and with no new large deposits being excavated the supply is not increasing much and the demand is growing making the prices for both oil and gasoline head upward. The gasoline we purchase majorly includes the cost of Crude oil , the refining , marketing and distribution and the taxes. So from this we can infer that there is a inversely relationship between the supply of crude oil and the price of gasoline. Also in the years we have seen where the oil prices have dropped but gasoline prices have risen which is due to the fact that there are disruptions in the supply of oil due to unrest in the middle east. (Fuel, 2011) We also can observe this for a fact that the prices of gasoline rise accordingly with the rise of crude oil price but they don’t fall at the same rate when price of crude oil falls. The matter behind this fact is that when prices are high , the retailer have to increase it so that they cover up for their profit margins but what makes the retailers bring price down when the price for crude oil falls is competition. In competition the retailers bring down a few cents to draw in more customers and so on the process continues until they reach a point where they reach their original profit margins or the price of crude oil again increases. Also the demand imbalance of gasoline across various seasons also has an effect on retail pricing of gasoline. (US Energy Information Administration, 2003) 3. Explain what Marathon could do to keep the price at the pump the same without losing

Leadership and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership and Ethics - Essay Example Any failure to hold on to the code of conduct with vested interests such as saving labor costs amounts to unethical behavior. The employment legislation in place puts managers to task where they are expected to become accountable to the process of hiring foreign workers. Lack of compliance may get public office managers to lose their jobs, get fines or suffer from adverse publicity. Managers face the unethical influence of politicians in their organizations. Political parties view the undocumented workers as potential sources of votes. Politicians push reforms that favor workers who are hired in the country illegally in order to boost their voting blocks. Democrats and Republicans push for initiatives such as health care or social welfare that impress the illegal workers because they know their efforts would translate into votes. Managers have suppressed authority for making such decisions. The decisions are made nationally unless immigration policies are revised to reinforce their capacity to take charge in their offices. Political influence brings economic deprivation for legally documented skilled workers. There is a link between organization structure and the degree of ethical behavior in any well-to-do organization. A hierarchical and rigid organization structure limits opportunities for employees and they lack the capacity to develop their moral intelligence (Raines, 2010). Employees whose roles are limited within the organization are not involved in activities that confront them with ethical dilemmas. The workers do not understand ethical or unethical behaviors when they are carrying out their duties. Additionally, a rigid structure features an autonomous decision-making process. Employees do not have the capacity to make high-level decisions because the work environment does not give them relevant experience in moral development. Lack of proper moral development may translate

UPS Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

UPS - Case Study Example The last part of the paper will sum up the main points discussed and recommendations will be given with regards to the measures that can be taken in order to effectively deal with the problems discussed. Description of the organization and problem identification United Parcel Service was founded in 1907 in USA and it specifically dealt with delivering an assortment of parcels and goods sent through its office to different clients. It started from humble beginnings where all packages were delivered by foot, street bicycle as well as street car. However, the company re-engineered itself to become a state-of-the-art delivery service when it introduced its first delivery car, a Model T Ford in 1913. The organization witnessed positive developments and went through different stages until 1980 which saw the passage of the passage of Motor Career Act which deregulated the whole trucking industry. The organization even introduced air services as it sought to diversify its activities to counter competition which was intensifying as a result of the deregulation exercise of this industry. However, increased competition as a result of deregulation compelled the organization to allocate large amounts of capital to modernize its data processing department. The deregulation of the freight industry also posed immense challenges to UPS given that the emerging entrants utilized low cost services such as the Federal Express Corporation. As such, it has been observed that data processing operated with poor equipment and the service provided was poor given that it fell beyond the competition that existed in technological and programming capabilities. Up until 1981, the department of information faced unprecedented challenges of technologically more advanced competition from Federal Express and RPS. It was realized that in order for UPS to remain the dominant carrier package delivery service, it had to join the competitors in the age of computer technology. Whilst UPS had the most extensive ground network, it had apparently been left in core areas such as technological innovations which included scanning, radio-dispatched pickups, package tracking, and data-acquisition devices. Despite the mission which was meant to â€Å"to provide management with the information it needs to meet the company’s goals in a responsive manner and at a reasonable cost,† the company fell short of achieving this goal given that it had limited numbers of employees with the requisite skills to execute the information requirements of the company. The main problem facing UPS is that it has to implement changes in order to meet the marketing and technological challenges that have been co mpounded by the deregulation exercise in this industry. It is facing a dilemma particularly in making decisions to hire or recruit talent from within the company or hire experienced people in information systems from outside. The problem with locating talent within the company is that most of the employees have experience in hub and package centers and have less experience in the new dispensation of information and communication technology. On the other hand, the problem related to hiring people from outside is related to re-orienting them to fit in the culture of the organization, training them, matching their expectations and helping them grow to meet the expectations of the organization. Stakeholder analysis The main players in this particular case are the employees who are responsible for executing all the tasks within the organization. Any change to the

Hammond Organ and the Leslie Speaker Essay Example for Free

Hammond Organ and the Leslie Speaker Essay Behind the Hammond organ is a man known as Laurens Hammond after whom the musical instrument is named. The Hammond organ is an electric organ that was invented in 1934. It was the work of Hammond Organ Company. The company originally made the instrument and sold it to churches. It was used as an alternative to the pipe organ used at that time in churches. The pipe organ was wind-driven. The new alternative was cost-effective. In the period between 1960 and 1970, the Hammond Organ became a standard keyboard and was popular in the playing of jazz, rock music, blues as well as gospel music (Laurens Hammond). Lauren Hammond, the man behind the Hammond Organ filed U. S. rights to manufacture a new kind of electrical musical instrument. His idea of an instrument could recreate the sound of a pipe organ. In the month of April 1935, his first invention was exposed to the public. Model A was also availed in June of the same year. Milt Herth used the instrument for playing his popular music live on WIND (AM) immediately upon its release. During World War II, the instrument was used by the military chapels in the US as well as the post theatres. It is therefore possible that the familiarity of the military with the organ could have contributed in making it popular in the period after the war (Laurens Hammond; Hammond organ history). For Hammond, creation of the organ was aimed at replacing the pipe organs with an affordable substitute in middle class residences. He also intended it as a gadget for radio broadcasting. The organ however began to be used by jazz musicians in the 1950s. Such musicians include Jimmy Smith. Its popularity in pop music led to its use in the British Radio 360 station. In that country, the organ was associated with ice rinks and elevator music. Later on, it became the organ popular with rock musicians Steve Winwood, Jon Lord and Keith Emerson in the 1960s and 1970s (Hammond organ history). The first Hammond organ that was made by Hammond Organ Company was operating on additive synthesis of waveforms that were got from harmonic series. The harmonic series were in turn made by mechanical tonewheels that rotate in front of electromagnet pickups. On the two keyboards are mounted some drawbars. The drawbars are slid in order to mix the element waveform ratios. Different models of the Hammond organ were produced but the Hammond B-3 organ model was and still is the most popular. The B-3 organ was for instance used towards the end of the 1960s and in the beginning of the 1970s for its overdriven sound. It was popular in progressive rock bands as well as blues rock. These earlier version has been used for a long time. This is despite the fact that the last electromechanical Hammond Organ came off the assembly in the middle of 1970 (Hammond organ history). After the electromagnetic organ, the musicians of the 1980s and 1990s started using other electronic and digital appliances to reproduce the sound which was produced by the Hammond Organ. This was solely because the classic Hammond Organ is relatively heavy and difficult to move from one place to another. This imitation was made easier by the digital signal processing and sampling technology in the years after 1990 and musicians could now copy the original Hammond sound (Edward). Most of the existing traditional organ fanatics prefer the Hammond tonewheels. Some of the popular models of this organ have tube amplifiers. In addition some of the most recent of the Hammond organ have a combination of tonewheel and solid amplifiers. The Hammond Organ Company is now the property of the Suzuki Company. Now Hammond Suzuki, the company manufactures digital organs which reproduce the sound of the tonewheel organ (Laurent Hammond). The Leslie Speaker On the other hand, the man behind the idea of the Leslie speaker is also the person after whom the instrument is named. His name is Donald Leslie. The Leslie Speaker is a special creation. It is an amplifier or loudspeaker that is often associated with Laurent Hammond’s Hammond organ. It is used by musicians to create special audio effects that make use of the Doppler effect. Together with the Hammond organ, the two are a popular ubiquitous component in most of the existing varieties of music. Like the Hammond Organ, the Leslie speaker’s production has also been taken over by the Suzuki Musical Instruments (Henricksen). At the beginning, the Hammond Organ Company refused to hire Don Leslie. Nevertheless, the man worked under a contract with the Hammond Company for some time. Don Leslie did some work for the local electric company replacing the old fifty cycle rotor tone generators. Instead of these, they put in place the sixty cycle units in the homes of customers. When it was first invented, the Leslie speaker was called the Vibratone. This was in 1941 about six years after the invention of the Hammond Organ. Vibratone was later adopted by the Fender Guitar Company when they manufactured a speaker system and effects unit which included a Leslie rotating speaker. Soon after Leslie sold the company under which he manufactured the Leslie speaker, Fender Company also adopted the name Leslie in 1965. At this time, even Fender had been bought by CBS and it was under CBS that Leslie’s company as well as Fender now operated. The name was therefore used, to be precise, by the CBS Company (Henricksen). The Leslie speaker was not advertised. Don Leslie demonstrated a prototype with Bob Mitchell near the Los Angeles city. The prototype was a rotating baffle put in a hole in a small closet that had a big speaker. It was in the closet near Don Leslie’s organ at home. Bob Mitchell was an organ player at the radio station KFI near Los Angeles. After the demonstration was made, Don Leslie was contracted to put in another similar prototype in the studios at the radio station where Bob worked. Only Bob Mitchell would be permitted to use this new installation. This awed Mitchell so much that he made attempts to copyright that speaker. This he did not succeed in though. After this, Mitchell was employed by the Mutual Broadcasting System as an organist. During his shows, Mitchell played the Hammond organ together with the Leslie speaker. From this, the exposure of the two inventions to the public was quick and guaranteed. From then, most of the organ players regardless of whether they were professional or part-time yearned for the sound created by these organs. In the jazz community for example, Jimmy Smith, the jazz organ player assisted in popularization of the sound among the artists of rock-roll in the years between 1950 and 1960 and even at the beginning of the 60s. At this time, the Leslie speaker had a height of more than sixty inches. It was referred to as the 30A. Don Leslie was inspired by this to manufacture more of the series founded by this 30A. He called the series Tall Boys or the 31 series. Later in the 50s, Don Leslie also made the 21H. These were meant for use in homes, smaller radio sound stages and venues for concerts. The first units were produced in 1941. From this time, the Leslie speaker was known under several different names. Such names as might be used to refer to the same speaker include Brittain Speakers, Hollywood Speakers and Crawford Speakers. In 1946 though, the speaker went back to its old known, the Leslie Vibratone. After seventeen years of rejection, the man behind the invention of the speaker offered the company for sale to Hammond. Don Leslie had waited for seventeen years to sell the company and after declaring hi interest in selling it again to Hammond, he waited thirty days. After this period, he still had not heard from Hammond. He retracted his offer (The Hammond organ history; Edward). In 1980, the Leslie name and the Electro Music were bought by the Hammond Corporation from their present owners, the CBS Company. It is now the property of Hammond under the company name Hammond Suzuki in USA (Edward). The Leslie speaker is used even to the present day and is actually very popular. In the present day, the Leslie parts can be got from various sources besides the fact that there are websites that offer plans which could help individual to construct the speaker. The sites have even posted photographic examples to guide one through the process. The modern Leslie speaker now has more enhanced speakers as well as electronics. Henricksen writes that the web even has a 500 W high performance model. In addition, the classic Leslie speaker has continued to be made and availed in the market. Similar effects can nevertheless be obtained through analogue electronic gadgets and digital imitation. The sound produced by the Leslie Speaker can be imitated by phase and chorus shifter instruments. In spite of this, nothing has the ability to copy the sound of the Leslie speaker that is heard in person. The imitation of the sound by some digital gadgets can however make distinction difficult (Henricksen). Conclusion The Hammond Company had also designed a set of speakers to work with the Hammond organ. However, most of the organ players have a preference for playing the Hammond via a rotating speaker cabinet. This speaker cabinet is what is known as the Leslie speaker after its inventor Donald Leslie and after many changes of names. (Donald Leslie lived between 1913 and 2004). This speaker system is an integrated combination of amplifiers where sound is produced after rotating a horn over a treble driver that is not moving. This is in addition to a rotating baffle as mentioned earlier which is placed under a non-moving bass woofer. The resulting characteristic sound is due to the pitch shifts that are in constant alteration made from the Doppler effect produced in turn by the moving sound sources. The original idea was to imitate the complicated tones and constantly altering sound sources originating from the big group of ranks in a pipe organ. From this initial organ, the effects were different depending on the rotor speed. The speed can be fastened between fast and slow by use of a console. The most characteristic effect is heard either when the speaker starts or stops rotating. Paul Di Matteo is known for the modifications he made to the Leslie cabinets. He replaced the original transducers with what is now a woofer of about 18 inches that has dual high frequency drivers well-liked for the high power stage applications. Reference: Edward, Peterson. â€Å"The rich history of the electric organ. † â€Å"Hammond Organ History. † http://thehammondorganstory. com/chapterxv. asp (30 April 2009). Henricksen, C. A. , â€Å"Unearthing the mysteries of the Leslie cabinet. † Recording Engineer/Producer magazine, April 1981. http://theatreorgans. com/hammond/faq/mystery/mystery. html (30 April 2009). â€Å"Laurens Hammond. Electrical Musical Instrument. U. S. Pat. No. 1956350. † http://www. google. com/patents? id=NUlkAAAAEBAJ (30 April 2009).

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: essays research papers

In the opening chapters of â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird,† Harper Lee introduces several subtle instances of racism. However, when Jem and Scout are welcomed into Cal’s Church in chapter 12, the reader really gets to travel behind the false disguise of Maycomb County’s white society to see the harsh realities of the injustices suffered by the blacks. The black community is completely separate from the whites -- in fact, Cal lives in a totally different part of town! Another example of total racial segregation is the fact that Jem and Scout have never been to â€Å"that part of town,† so they are unfamiliar with the Church’s way of singing hymns (â€Å"lining†), and they don’t understand â€Å"nigger talk.† Even Lula, one of the black church members, says, â€Å"they got their church, we got our’n.† Poverty is another injustice suffered by the blacks. Their First Purchase Church is very old and worn out. The paint is cracked and peeling, it has no ceiling, there’s a rough oak pulpit, and cheap cardboard fans must be used to keep the congregation cool. There is no piano, organ or church program in sight, and the whole church has to share one hymnbook! The graveyard contains only a few expensive headstones, with most graves merely outlined by broken glass. A further degradation occurs during the rest of the week, when the church building is used by whites for gambling. A majority of the black community is illiterate because there are no schools for blacks in Maycomb County. Their only way of learning is from their parents or another elder. For example, Mrs. Buford taught Cal, and Cal taught her son, Zeebo. Consequently, only four blacks in the whole church can read. In Tom Robinson case, he has virtually no chance of winning strictly due to his race. During his trial, Bob Ewell accuses Tom of raping his girl. Even though the Ewells are considered to be the â€Å"white trash† of Maycomb County, nearly all of white community supports them because they are white and Tom is black. Despite all of these injustices, Chapter 12 also creates a feeling of support and sympathy for the black community. For example, even though they’re oppressed, the black community still has a sense of pride. Their church is called First Purchase because it was paid for with the first earnings of freed slaves. This shows the black’s great devotion to their religion.

Difference between diegetic and non-diegetic sound Essay

What is the difference between diegetic and non-diegetic sound? Can they ever be confused? Discuss with reference to at least three recent films. For this essay I shall be highlighting the differences between the two terms; diegetic and non-diegetic sound. I shall also discuss whether or not the terms and their meanings could ever be confused. To help highlight my arguments within this essay I shall reference to films such as â€Å"The Italian Job†, â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† and â€Å"Entrapment†. The final section will hopefully round off the essay with a critical conclusion of the given question and the evidence presented within the essay. Yet sound is perhaps the hardest of all techniques to study†¦ Our primary information about the layout of our surroundings comes from sight, and so in ordinary life sound is often simply a background for our visual attention. (Bordwell.D. & Thompson.K., 1947, Film art : An introduction, Fifth Edition, New York; London : McGraw-Hill.) Sound which can be implied or linked by a character or an action taking place within the context of a scene is often referred to as a diegetic sound. This can include music that is being performed within the ‘film’s world’, such an example could be taken from the film Titanic. The particular scene I am referring to, is when the ship has just started to sink and the band decide to continue playing. ON WALLACE HARTLEY raising his violin to play. HARTLEY Number 26. Ready and — The band has reassembled just outside the First Class Entrance, port side, near where Lightoller is calling for the boats to be loaded. They strike up  a waltz, lively and elegant. The music wafts all over the ship. (Anon, Titanic Script, http://sites.inka.de/humpty/titanic/script.html) Another prime example of music being used within a scene of a film as a diegetic source, would be in â€Å"The Crow†. Here we see a mysterious figure playing an electric guitar in a way that has quite a phallic relation to his character. She pauses as she hears a lilting, faraway GUITAR STRAIN. Across the street she can make out the figure of Eric on his roof playing the guitar. (Anon, The Crow Script, http://abahb.crowfans.com/TheCrow/crowmov.txt) Another form of audio use in films which falls under the diegetic category, would be when a character within the scene is talking, singing, shouting etc. My first example to highlight this is taken from Baz Luhrman’s adaptation of â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†. The scene in question is when the Montague’s and Capulet’s meet for the first time. ABRA Do you bite your thumb at us, sir! Sampson’s shaking hand hovers – ready to draw. SAMPSON I do bite my thumb, sir. (Baz Lurhmann’s â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†) Another example, can be taken from the film â€Å"To Die For†. However, with this example the character is talking directly to the audience. SUZANNE STONE MARETTO You aren’t really anybody in America if you’re not on TV. (iMDB, Memorable quotes from To Die For, http://imdb.com/title/tt0114681/quotes) A final criterion that helps define diegetic sound is the use of natural sounds. For example a car’s engine revving. When sounds like this are used they tend to be highlighted and amplified, so as to draw the audiences’ attention to the relevant action. My first example is taken from the recent re-make of â€Å"The Italian Job†. Here the echo, â€Å"ominous thud†, resonates the seriousness of the situation, i.e. the fact that they are at the worst of their troubles. UNDERWATER – SAME TIME The Humvee strikes the surface bottom with an ominous thud. (AllMovieScripts.com, The Italian Job Script, http://www.allmoviescripts.com/scripts/italianjob.PDF) Another example can be taken from the film â€Å"Entrapment†. Here the sound we are focusing on is not amplified a great deal, in fact it seems the director wants the sound to be as quiet as possible. No doubt to tie-in with the secrecy and precision required within the context. †¦Nearby, an ALARM BOX softly BEEPS its 60-second warning to the pulsing of a green light, and the Thief attaches a small computerized DEVICE†¦ However, the interesting point that can be brought about with this example is that even though the sound stops, it receives almost the same if not more attention as when the box was beeping. †¦the right one STOPS. Illuminated in red. The beeping, the green light, go OFF. The device is removed. (AllMovieScripts.com, Entrapment Script, http://www.allmoviescripts.com/scripts/14984220623f39e70a15fbb.html) The other side to looking at audio within the film environment is non-diegetic sounds. Non-diegetic sound is just as important within films as natural or diegetic sounds. However, it appears that you can spot a lot more use of non-diegetic sounds within science fiction or fantastical films, such as â€Å"Star Wars† and â€Å"Lord of the Rings†. Again this can be broken up into three main criteria. Sound effects are often used to create a ‘real’ sound from an unnatural object, such as a futuristic spacecraft, or as in my next example a light-sabre. Through Lucas’ perserverance and continuity of the light-sabre sound, the constant whirring, the audience is quite accustomed to believing that the light-sabre is an organic object. Just as the ice creature looms over Luke, the lightsaber  jumps into Luke’s hand. The young warrior instantly ignites his sword, swinging up,  and cuts himself loose from the ice. (Smith.K.B, Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back Script, http://www.wheelon.com/swscripts/scripts.htm) However, sound effects don’t just help out futuristic objects gain a realistc ‘life’ they can also be used to exaggerate the movement of a ‘real world’ object. This principle is explained in the following example that briefly talks of â€Å"Mr.Hulot’s Holiday†. Although the door doesn’t make a realistic noise, the sound that replaces it is organic, i.e. natural. much humor arises from the opening and closing of a dining-room door. Instead of simply recording a real door, Tati inserts a twanging sound like a plucked cello string each time the door swings. (FilmSound.org, Dimensions of film sound, http://www.filmsound.org/filmart/bordwell2.htm) Narration within a film is also considered a non-diegetic sound, for although it could quite easily link to what is taking place within the scene, it is not an ‘actual’ part of the scene. Such as the characters are not normally aware of this external voice or sound. It is used to best effect when thinking of an adaptation of a classic book or story. An example of a story that used narration throughout the film is â€Å"The Englishman who went up a Hill but came down a Mountain†. Narrator: For some odd reason, lost in the mists of time, there’s an extraordinary shortage of last names in Wales†¦To avoid widespread confusion, Welsh people often add an occupation to a name†¦ But one man’s name was a puzzle, and it wasn’t until I was 10 years old that I asked my grandfather about the man with the longest and most enigmatic name of all. (iMDB, Memorable quotes from The Englishman who went up a hill but came down a mountain, http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0112966/quotes) Another take on narration within film, is when the narrator is actually part of the story, but is say, recounting previous events. This normally takes  the audience through the story to the present moment that the narrator/character has found themselves in. For example in the film â€Å"Carlito’s Way†, the main character, Carlito Brigante, is recounting his story of failure from free man, through to his imminent death, Sorry boys, all the stitches in the world can’t sew me together again. Lay down†¦lay down. Gonna stretch me out in Fernandez funeral home on hun and ninth street†¦Getting the shakes now, Last call for drinks, Bars closing down Sun’s out Where are we going for breakfast, Don’t wanna go far Rough night Tired baby†¦ Tired†¦ (iMDB, Memorable quotes from Carlito’s way, http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0106519/quotes) You also tend to find that with this kind of narration, i.e. story recounting up to present day, the opening lines or quotes are echoed in the final closing lines. One of the final main criteria of non-diegetic sounds within a film is background or mood music. This is also known as the soundtrack or score. Any attentive filmgoer is aware of the enormous power music holds in shaping the film experience, manipulating emotions and point of view, and guiding perceptions of characters, moods, and narrative events. (Hill.J. & Church.P., 2000, Film studies : critical approaches, Oxford : Oxford University Press) This part of non-diegetic sound is probably the most under-estimated, through the use of mood music the audience can be taken on a rollercoaster of emotions. This use of audio is an essential ingredient to any film. It is very hard stretched, certainly with Hollywood blockbusters, to come across a film that doesn’t employ the technique of atmosphere music or score to shape the feeling of a scene. This next part to this essay should hopefully try and cover similarities between the different criteria of diegetic, and its counter-part, non-diegetic sound. Through this section I shall attempt to answer the question as to whether these two distinctive forms of audio can ever be confused. The way in which I shall do this will be through using the obvious links that are the defining criteria of the different audio types. The comparison shall follow the form of; defining which diegetic criterion and how it relates to the example scene, then the comparison shall follow with the non-diegetic link using the same scene and instance. The first of the three links to be compared shall be the natural voice or sound of the character within the scene. The opening scene of Baz Lurhmann’s adaptation of Romeo and Juliet uses a news reporter, being portrayed as a news programme through the use of the medium close-up of the T.V. set. Here we see a news report that at first glance would seem as a typical bulletin. However, this is when the two different types of sound categorization can become blurred or confused. The reason for this is because the news reporter is actually taking on the role of the narrator as depicted by Shakespeare’s original work. This is also evident through the type of language being used and how it is brought to life with the tone and emphasis. The second example that can be used to highlight when the two conventions become blurred is when a natural or organic sound is reproduced and accentuated through the use of sound effects. We can take a closer look at this argument with a typical western film that has a Hollywood budget attached to it, such as â€Å"Young Guns 2†. When watching a spaghetti western, it’s an unconscious convention that we expect the gun to make quite a prominent sound, from either the initial bang through to the ricochet twang. My feeling is that, the natural sound produced by a gun, particularly props, would not be enough to convince the audience, especially with modern expectations. I feel its at this point when you could call the sound effect that replaces the original sound non-diegetic in respect to it being created artificially. My final example links back to a film I have referenced frequently throughout  this essay, â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†. Music that is rooted within the scene, a band for example, is classed as being diegetic, however mood music is known as non-diegetic. The scene in which Romeo and Juliet first meet is that of a house party. In this house party there’s a typical mini-orchestra and singer performing (Desree – Kissing You), so for arguments sake we could class this as being diegetic for the moment. Yet, when Romeo and Juliet are first engaging each other in secret conversation, the music becomes the mood setting for the background. This is emphasized more when a natural break in the song, serves as an intensifying moment between the two characters. This could then be classed as non-diegetic as it serves to put across the mood between the two lovers of excitement and intrigue. To round of this essay I’m going to finish with a short conclusion about how I feel regarding the essay question. It seems to be that it’s easy enough for us, as the audience, to pigeon hole a sound at first glance. However as with my last cases these sounds might not always fit into the categories you first think they would. It could be a fair point to say then, that rather than being confined to one standardisation, these sounds might actually fluctuate and vary, depending on the scene’s mood and context. Bibliography Books Bordwell.D. & Thompson.K., 1947, Film art : An introduction, Fifth Edition, New York; London : McGraw-Hill. Hill.J. & Church.P., 2000, Film studies : critical approaches, Oxford : Oxford University Press Online Sources AllMovieScripts.com, Entrapment Script, http://www.allmoviescripts.com/scripts/14984220623f39e70a15fbb.html AllMovieScripts.com, The Italian Job Script, http://www.allmoviescripts.com/scripts/italianjob.PDF Anon, Titanic Script, http://sites.inka.de/humpty/titanic/script.html Anon, The Crow Script, http://abahb.crowfans.com/TheCrow/crowmov.txt FilmSound.org, Dimensions of film sound, http://www.filmsound.org/filmart/bordwell2.htm iMDB, Memorable quotes from Carlito’s way, http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0106519/quotes iMDB, Memorable quotes from The Englishman who went up a hill but came down a mountain, http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0112966/quotes iMDB, Memorable quotes from To Die For, http://imdb.com/title/tt0114681/quotes Smith.K.B, Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back Script, http://www.wheelon.com/swscripts/scripts.htm Filmography Amiel.J., 1999, Entrapment Gray.F., 2003, The Italian Job Lucas.G., 1980, Star Wars : The Empire Strikes Back Lurhmann.B., 1996, Romeo and Juliet Monger.C., 1995, The Englishman who went up a hill but came down a mountain Palma.D.B, 1993, Carlito’s Way Proyas.A., 1994, The Crow Sant.V.G., 1994, To Die For